Variations in solar output on timescales from days to centuries exert a measurable influence on Earth’s climate system through changes in radiative forcing, atmospheric chemistry and circulation. The ...

Water vapor (H2Ov) is an essential component of Earth's atmosphere, playing critical roles in climate regulation, weather patterns, and the water cycle. Its sources primarily come from natural ...

For thirty years, SOHO has watched the Sun from a stable perch in space, revealing the inner workings of our star and surviving crises that nearly ended the mission. Its long-term observations ...

Surface solar radiation (SSR) is the principal energy source driving atmospheric and terrestrial processes. Observations and reconstructions reveal multi-decadal fluctuations, commonly termed global ...

Understanding the patterns of sunspots, solar flares and magnetic storms is crucial to protecting satellites and other Earth technology from space weather events. The sun's polar magnetic field is ...

Internal changes due to the Sun’s ‘active biorhythm’ have become increasingly ‘skin-deep’ over the past four solar activity cycles, according to a new study. Publishing its findings today (28 May) in ...

The regular solar cycle is a mere climate murmur, but sudden geomagnetic jolts are a different story. These high-altitude outbursts appear to be hijacking the polar vortex to rewrite weather on the ...

NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this image of a solar flare — seen as the bright flash toward the upper middle — on Feb. 4, 2026. Scientists studying nearly 50 years of solar activity data ...

When you look up at the sky on a sunny day, the Sun might seem like a bright spot, unchanging in the sky. But the Sun is a complex, dynamic celestial body, wrapped in electrical currents and magnetic ...

On December 8, 2025, the Sun unleashed a powerful solar flare, an event that captivated the attention of scientists and space enthusiasts alike. This flare, classified as an X1.1, marks one of the ...